GOST 18995.1-73 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 18995.1-73 — "Liquid chemical products. Methods for determination of density" (Продукты химические жидкие. Методы определения плотности). The standard specifies laboratory procedures for determining the density of liquid chemical products using an areometer (hydrometer) and a pycnometer; it is not applicable to petroleum products.

Abstract

This national (USSR) standard, approved in 1973 and introduced in 1974, establishes two primary methods for measuring the density of liquid chemical products: the hydrometer (areometer) method and the pycnometer method. It defines required apparatus, test conditions (notably temperature control at 20 °C), result calculation and repeatability criteria, and excludes petroleum products (which are covered by separate standards). The document has a short form (few pages) and has recorded amendments issued later.

General information

• Status: Effective / in-force in historical GOST databases (limitation of effectiveness lifted by a 1988 decree); commonly listed as an active reference for density methods in chemical product testing.
• Publication date: Introduced 01 July 1974 (approved by the State Committee of Standards on 17 July 1973).
• Publisher: State Committee for Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Gosstandart).
• ICS / categories: Chemical products — physical testing; commonly indexed under national classification entries for chemical testing (listed in some catalogs as 71.100.01).
• Edition / version: Original designation GOST 18995.1-73 (1973/introduced 1974); amendments noted in published catalogs (examples: Amd. 6.88, Amd. 10.80).
• Number of pages: Typically listed as a short standard (commonly 4 pages in public catalogs; some repositories show small variations).

Scope

Applies to liquid chemical products and establishes laboratory methods for determining density by (1) hydrometer (areometer) measurement and (2) the pycnometer method. The standard specifies required apparatus, temperature control (measurement and thermostating at 20.0 ± 0.1 °C for procedures given), calculation formulas and acceptance criteria for repeatability. It explicitly excludes petroleum products, which are addressed by separate standards.

Key topics and requirements

• Definitions: density expressed as mass per unit volume (g/cm³) and relative density at reference temperature (20 °C).
• Method A — Hydrometer (areometer): required areometers per relevant GOST (example: GOST 18481), thermostated measuring cylinder, thermometer with 0.1 °C resolution; procedure requires equilibration at (20 ± 0.1) °C and specified meniscus/readout rules.
• Method B — Pycnometer: use of calibrated pycnometer, thermostating at (20 ± 0.1) °C, mass measurements of empty/filled pycnometer and correction for air buoyancy; formulas provided to compute relative and absolute density.
• Accuracy and repeatability: recommended duplicate determinations; typical allowable absolute difference between two parallel results is given (example: ≤ 0.0005 g/cm³ for the pycnometer method in amended text).
• Applicability limits and exclusions: intended for general liquid chemical products; petroleum and certain opaque, highly viscous or emulsified products may require alternative or adapted methods (other national or industry standards referenced).

Typical use and users

Primary users are chemical testing laboratories, quality control and R&D departments of chemical manufacturers, suppliers preparing specifications for liquid chemical products, and regulatory bodies referencing standardised test methods. The standard is used where a simple, validated laboratory procedure for density determination is required (routine QC, material specification checks and contract testing), except where petroleum-specific methods are mandated.

Related standards

Related documents and series items include other parts of the GOST 18995.x family (methods for physical properties of organic chemical products), national and interstate amendments and later national standards on density measurement (examples: GOST R 51069-97, GOST 3900 series and various ISO/ASTM equivalents such as ISO 3675 / ISO 12185 and relevant ASTM methods used for oils and chemicals). The standard text carries references to areometer specifications (GOST 18481) and lists recorded amendments.

Keywords

density; relative density; areometer; hydrometer; pycnometer; picnometer; liquid chemical products; ГОСТ 18995.1-73; laboratory method; 20 °C; GOST.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: GOST 18995.1-73 is a USSR national standard titled "Liquid chemical products. Methods for determination of density" that defines laboratory procedures (hydrometer and pycnometer) for measuring density of liquid chemical products; it was approved in 1973 and introduced in 1974.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers apparatus, test conditions (notably thermostating and measurement at 20 °C), step-by-step procedures for hydrometer and pycnometer determinations, calculation formulas, and repeatability/acceptance criteria. It does not apply to petroleum products.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Chemical industry laboratories, quality control engineers, materials and product specification writers, and test-service laboratories use the standard for routine density measurements of liquid chemical products. Petrochemical labs typically use petroleum-specific standards instead.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: Public catalogs and standards repositories continue to list GOST 18995.1-73 as an operative historical GOST document and note later amendments; however, in practice some industries and jurisdictions refer to more recent national (GOST R) or international (ISO/ASTM) standards for density testing. Users should check the current national/regulatory status for their country and product before applying the method.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is part of a multi-part series of GOST 18995 (methods for physical properties of organic chemical products) where related parts address other properties and testing methods; cross-references and amendments are recorded in catalog entries.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Density; relative density; pycnometer; hydrometer/areometer; liquid chemical products; laboratory method; 20 °C; ГОСТ 18995.1-73.