GOST 33189-2014 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 33189-2014 — Колеса зубчатые тяговых передач тягового подвижного состава. Шкалы эталонов макро- и микроструктур. (English title: Transmission tooth gears of the traction main railway stock. Scale of macro- and microstructure standards.) The standard provides reference macro- and microstructure scales, metallographic assessment methods and classification of structural defects for gear wheels used in traction transmissions (locomotives and motorized rolling stock) with surface-hardened teeth.

Abstract

This interstate (GOST) standard defines metallographic procedures and graded reference scales (macro- and microstructure templates) for evaluating the hardened surface layer and core of involute cylindrical gears—spur, helical and herringbone—used in traction drives of locomotives and motor-vehicle rolling stock. It covers gears with teeth hardened by high-frequency quenching (HF) or chemical-thermal treatments (carburizing, ion carburizing, nitrocarburizing), specifies sampling and examination practices (macrosections, microsections, etching and magnifications), and gives criteria for classification of typical structural defects and acceptability.

General information

• Status: Active / in force (introduced as a national/interstate standard).
• Publication date: Designated 2014; approved by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) by order No. 95‑ст on 17 February 2015 and put into effect on 1 July 2015.
• Publisher: Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) — adopted as an interstate (GOST) standard.
• ICS / categories: ICS 45.040 (Railway rolling stock; gears and transmission components).
• Edition / version: GOST 33189-2014 (first edition, 2014 designation; effective 1 July 2015).
• Number of pages: 27 (official printed/electronic text: 27 pages).

Scope

Applies to involute driving (pinions) and driven cylindrical gear wheels (spur, helical and herringbone, including rings of composite gears) used in traction gearboxes and transmissions of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives and motorized rolling stock where tooth surfaces are hardened by high-frequency quenching or by chemical-thermal treatments (cementation, ion carburizing, nitrocarburizing). Establishes metallographic evaluation methods, defect classification and reference templates for assessing macro- and microstructure of the hardened surface zone and base metal.

Key topics and requirements

• Reference scales (templates) of macrostructure for assessment of hardened-layer configuration (continuous layer, sectoral hardening, thickness variations).
• Microstructure reference scales for hardened layer and core (martensite, residual austenite limits, carbide distribution after carburizing).
• Requirements and methods for preparation of macrosections (macro‑shlifs) and microsections, etching procedures and recommended magnifications (e.g., ×200, ×500).
• Classification of structural defects and unacceptable conditions: decarburization, intergranular oxidation, excessive residual austenite, overburning, unacceptably thin or discontinuous hardened layer.
• Criteria for evaluating case depth, continuity and sectoral vs. contour hardening conformity with applicable hardness and case-depth standards.
• Use of hardness-difference based indicators (Vickers/Brinell) to estimate degree of work‑hardening and acceptable limits (e.g., percent difference relative to core hardness).
• Cross-references to metallurgical measurement methods (hardness measurement, grain size assessment, decarburization depth measurement) and prescribed normative references.
• Mandatory illustrative appendices with graded etalon images (macros and micros) used for visual comparison and acceptance decisions.

Typical use and users

Used by railway equipment manufacturers, locomotive and traction-gearbox producers, metallurgical and materials laboratories, non‑destructive and metallographic testing laboratories, maintenance and overhaul facilities for rolling stock, quality assurance and inspection departments, and national/regional standards bodies involved in railway equipment certification and regulatory compliance.

Related standards

Normative references and related documents cited in the standard include (non-exhaustive): GOST 3.1109-82 (terminology in technical documentation), GOST 1763-68 (ISO 3887) (method for determining decarburization depth), GOST 2999-75 (Vickers hardness), GOST 5639-82 (grain size determination), GOST 8233-56 (microstructure standards), GOST 9012-59 (ISO/Brinell hardness methods), and it is listed as part of the evidence base for technical regulations on railway rolling stock safety (TR TS / Eurasian regulatory documents where applicable).

Keywords

GOST 33189-2014, gear wheels, traction transmission, railway gears, macrostructure, microstructure, metallography, high-frequency quenching (HF), cementation, case hardening, reference scales, etalons, defect classification, case depth, residual austenite.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: GOST 33189-2014 is an interstate metallographic standard that provides reference macro- and microstructure scales and inspection methods for hardened teeth of gear wheels used in traction transmissions of locomotives and motorized rolling stock.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers involute cylindrical gears (spur, helical, herringbone and composite gear rings) with teeth surface‑hardened by high-frequency quenching or chemical‑thermal treatments. The standard specifies preparation and examination of macro- and microsections, grading templates (etalons) for structures, and classification/acceptance criteria for common defects.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Railway and traction-gear manufacturers, metallographic and QA/QC laboratories, overhaul and maintenance workshops for rolling stock, and conformity assessment bodies performing structural and metallurgical inspections on traction gears.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The standard is dated 2014 and was approved and put into effect by Rosstandart order No. 95‑ст on 17 February 2015, effective 1 July 2015. As of the latest available information (checked up to February 27, 2026) the standard is in force and no official superseding or withdrawal notice was found.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is an individual GOST (interstate) standard addressing macro- and microstructure etalons for traction-gear wheels; it references and works together with a number of metallurgical and hardness measurement GOSTs and with broader technical regulations for railway rolling stock safety. It may be used alongside other gear- and material‑related standards in the 45.040 classification.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Gear wheels, traction transmission, macrostructure, microstructure, metallography, contour hardening, sectoral hardening, cementation, residual austenite, case depth, etalon scales.