ASTM D4974-04 (2016) rus PDF

Full title and description

St ASTM D4974-04 (2016) rus — Standard Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven. This entry refers to the ASTM D4974‑04 test method (originally adopted 2004) as reapproved in 2016, and to commercially available Russian‑language translations/editions of that text.

Abstract

This standard specifies a procedure for measuring the hot‑air thermal shrinkage of yarns and cords (for example nylon, polyester, aramid tire cord) using a thermal shrinkage oven. Specimens are exposed to a controlled dry heat environment under defined pretension; shrinkage is read while the specimen remains in the oven under tension. The method gives results in both SI and inch‑pound units and is intended for acceptance testing, process control and material characterization.

General information

• Status: Historically D4974‑04 reapproved (2016); the D4974/D4974M consolidated edition published in 2022 is the current active edition of the method.
• Publication date: Original adoption 2004; reapproved in 2016 (edition referenced as D4974‑04(2016)); consolidated D4974/D4974M edition issued 27 June 2022.
• Publisher: ASTM International (developed by Committee D13, Subcommittee D13.19).
• ICS / categories: Textile technology — yarns and cords; ICS codes commonly associated: 59.080.20; 59.080.50.
• Edition / version: Designation shown as D4974‑04 (Reapproved 2016); reference edition later consolidated to D4974/D4974M‑22 (2022).
• Number of pages: Typical public versions list 6–7 pages depending on packing of front/back matter; the reapproved 2016/2011 files are commonly shown as 7 pages in vendor catalogs.

Scope

The method covers measurement of shrinkage of yarns and cords when exposed to hot air in a thermal shrinkage oven. It is applicable to yarns and cords made of nylon, polyester and other polymers that are not detrimentally affected by the test temperature, and for linear densities roughly in the range 20–700 tex (≈180–6300 denier). The procedure reports values in SI and inch‑pound units and includes guidance on apparatus, specimen preparation, pretension and result reporting.

Key topics and requirements

• Apparatus: a thermal shrinkage oven designed for hot‑air exposure with provision for maintaining specimen under specified pretension and for reading shrinkage while heated.
• Specimen preparation: yarn or cord taken from packages or fabric, conditioned to laboratory standards before testing.
• Test conditions: typical reference condition in practice is 177 °C for 2 minutes with specified pretension (ASTM gives guidance on pretension selection, e.g., 0.05 g/denier or lower for low‑shrinkage yarns); users must follow the clause for exact weights, times and temperatures appropriate to the material.
• Measurement: shrinkage is read directly from the instrument while specimen remains in the oven under the applied tension.
• Reporting: percent shrinkage (with units and test conditions), specimen description (fiber type, denier/tex), pretension used, number of replicates and conditioning details.
• Limitations and interferences: room‑temperature retraction, oven temperature bias, draft effects, and friction in the indicator/pulley assembly can all bias results; the standard discusses mitigation and referee‑testing conventions.

Typical use and users

Used by textile test laboratories, yarn and cord manufacturers, tire and mechanical rubber goods (MRG) producers, quality control departments and research groups to characterize thermal shrinkage behavior, to perform acceptance testing of shipments, and to support process control (for example in tire cord selection and heat‑setting operations). Manufacturers of test equipment and users performing product specifications for heat‑exposed components also rely on this method.

Related standards

Related ASTM methods and practices include Methods D885 (related shrinkage procedures and measurements), broader textile sampling and conditioning standards (for example those covering specimen conditioning and terminology), and other yarn test methods for twist, tensile properties and abrasion. The consolidated D4974/D4974M‑22 edition supersedes/replaces the older D4974‑04 reapproved texts.

Keywords

thermal shrinkage; yarn shrinkage; cord shrinkage; thermal shrinkage oven; pretension; nylon; polyester; aramid; tire cord; textile testing; D4974.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM D4974‑04 (reapproved 2016) is a test method that defines how to measure hot‑air thermal shrinkage of yarns and cords using a thermal shrinkage oven; a consolidated D4974/D4974M version was published in 2022 as the current edition.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers apparatus, specimen preparation, conditioned pretension, oven exposure and the procedure to read and report percent shrinkage for polymer yarns and cords (typical density range 20–700 tex). It also notes sources of bias and recommends practices to reduce inter‑laboratory variability.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Textile testing laboratories, yarn/cord producers, tire and MRG manufacturers, QC teams and suppliers who need to verify or specify thermal stability/shrinkage behavior of yarns and cords.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The D4974‑04 text was reapproved in 2016; however, ASTM later issued a consolidated D4974/D4974M edition in 2022 which is the active/current edition for users seeking the up‑to‑date normative text. If you require the latest official wording use the D4974/D4974M‑22 edition. (publication history and current edition information as of the ASTM catalog).

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is one of a group of ASTM textile test methods maintained by Committee D13 (Textiles), and it is commonly referenced alongside other yarn test methods (D885 and others) and sampling/conditioning practices used in textile testing.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: thermal shrinkage, hot‑air oven, yarn, cord, nylon, polyester, aramid, pretension, D4974.