ASTM E100-19 (2024) PDF

Full title and description

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers — ASTM E100-19(2024). This specification defines requirements for glass hydrometers used in ASTM test methods, covering design (constant-mass, variable-displacement), acceptable materials and ballasting, graduation and marking, thermometric attachments, inspection, and standardization procedures for hydrometers used to measure relative density/specific gravity and related properties.

Abstract

This standard specifies construction, marking, and manufacturing requirements for glass hydrometers of various scale graduations as used in ASTM test methods. It requires glass construction (except scale, ballast and thermometric liquid), secured ballast, uniform stem geometry, permanent graduation markings, and appropriate thermometric elements where required; it also prescribes inspection, testing, and standardization procedures for hydrometers.

General information

• Status: Active / Valid (ASTM E100-19(2024) is the current edition as of May 2024).
• Publication date: May 1, 2024 (approved/published 01/05/2024).
• Publisher: ASTM International.
• ICS / categories: Measurement of volume/mass/density/viscosity; Temperature measurement; included under ASTM Vol. 14.02.
• Edition / version: Designation E100-19 with reissue/reference year 2024 (listed as ASTM E100-19(2024), revision of prior E100-17).
• Number of pages: 10 pages.

Scope

This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems as required by the ASTM test methods in which they are used. It applies to hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type and addresses permitted materials, ballast security, stem and body geometry, preferred body shapes, graduation and inscription permanence, thermometric elements (where specified), and requirements for inspection, testing, and standardization. The standard does not purport to address all safety concerns associated with use; users are responsible for applying appropriate safety and regulatory practices.

Key topics and requirements

• Design concept: constant-mass, variable-displacement hydrometer construction.
• Materials: hydrometer bodies shall be glass except for scale markings, ballast, and thermometric liquid.
• Ballast: ballasting material must be secured to the lower part of the body; no loose ballast permitted.
• Geometry: uniform stem cross section without perceptible irregularities; preferred body shapes described.
• Markings and graduations: permanent black marking material (for example India ink) and graduation lines that read correctly at the liquid plane.
• Thermohydrometers: when thermometric components are required, mercury-in-glass thermometers are specified unless otherwise noted.
• Inspection and standardization: procedures for inspection, testing and standardization of hydrometers are prescribed.

Typical use and users

Laboratories, calibration and metrology facilities, hydrometer manufacturers, quality control in chemical and petroleum industries, educational institutions, and test houses that perform ASTM test methods requiring hydrometers commonly use this specification to ensure instrument conformity, traceability, and consistent measurement of specific gravity/relative density.

Related standards

Notable related documents include ASTM E126 (Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers) and the prior edition ASTM E100-17 which E100-19(2024) revises/replaces; other ASTM test methods that reference hydrometers for density/specific gravity measurements also relate to this specification.

Keywords

hydrometer, glass hydrometer, relative density, specific gravity, ballast, stem, thermohydrometer, graduation, calibration, inspection, ASTM E100.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM E100-19(2024) is the ASTM Standard Specification that sets construction, marking, material, and inspection requirements for glass hydrometers used in ASTM test methods.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems (constant-mass, variable-displacement type), including requirements for ballast, stem and body geometry, permanent graduations, thermometric provisions where applicable, and inspection/standardization procedures.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Hydrometer manufacturers, test laboratories, calibration/inspection bodies, and industries (e.g., chemical, petroleum) that rely on hydrometer measurements for specific gravity and related determinations.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: It is current as published/approved on May 1, 2024 and listed as the active edition (E100-19(2024)), replacing the prior E100-17 edition.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — E100 is part of ASTM’s temperature/measurement and instrumentation related documents (ASTM Vol. 14.02) and is associated with companion standards such as ASTM E126 for inspection, calibration, and verification of ASTM hydrometers.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Hydrometer, specific gravity, relative density, ballast, stem geometry, thermohydrometer, graduation, calibration, inspection.