ASTM E1447-09 (2016) rus PDF

Full title and description

St ASTM E1447-09 (2016) rus — "Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method" (Russian-language edition/translation available as a paid reproduced PDF).

Abstract

This standard specifies an inert-gas fusion technique (fusion of a weighed specimen in a graphite crucible under flowing carrier gas) with detection of released hydrogen by thermal conductivity and/or infrared detection to quantify hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys. The 2009/2016 edition gives quantitative limits for titanium alloys (approximately 0.0006 % to 0.0260 % by mass); the method was revised and generalized in 2022 as ASTM E1447-22 to cover reactive metals/alloys (titanium, zirconium, etc.) in the mass-fraction range ~9 mg/kg to 320 mg/kg.

General information

• Status: Superseded — original E1447-09 (reapproved 2016) has been replaced by ASTM E1447-22 (approved June 1, 2022).
• Publication date: E1447-09 originally approved March 1, 2009; reapproved/published (reapproval) August 1, 2016. Superseding edition E1447-22 published/approved June 1, 2022.
• Publisher: ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials).
• ICS / categories: ICS 77.120.50 (Titanium and titanium alloys); Analytical chemistry for metals.
• Edition / version: E1447-09 (2016) — historical/reapproved edition; replaced by E1447-22 (2022).
• Number of pages: Approx. 6–8 pages for the ASTM PDF (the current 2022 edition is 7 pages; older editions are similar in length).

Scope

The 2009/2016 designation of E1447 covers determination of hydrogen in titanium and titanium alloys by inert gas fusion with thermal-conductivity and/or infrared detection and was written for concentrations on the order of 0.0006 % to 0.0260 % (by mass). The revised 2022 edition broadened and updated the method as a test for reactive metals and reactive metal alloys (notably titanium and zirconium) and specifies a validated quantitative range of roughly 9 mg/kg to 320 mg/kg; it also clarifies interlaboratory test results, method validation guidance, and detector options. Laboratories should use the latest active edition (E1447-22) for current work and consult applicable purchaser/specification documents if an older edition is mandated.

Key topics and requirements

• Test principle: inert-gas fusion of a weighed specimen in a graphite crucible with hydrogen released to a carrier-gas stream and measured by thermal conductivity cell or converted to water and measured by infrared detection.
• Specimen preparation: cleaning (e.g., acetone rinse), weighing, handling to avoid contamination and surface hydrogen pickup.
• Calibration and reference: use of certified reference materials or matrix-matched reference materials for instrument calibration and verification.
• Quantitative range: E1447-09(2016) ranges expressed as mass percent (≈0.0006–0.0260 %); E1447-22 gives range in mg/kg (≈9–320 mg/kg) and guidance for method validation to extend ranges.
• Interferences and matrix effects: typical alloying elements in titanium generally do not interfere; fluxes (tin, nickel) and crucible materials are specified where applicable.
• Apparatus requirements: inert gas (high-purity helium/argon), fusion crucibles, furnace (electrode/induction), detector (TCD or IR), and appropriate gas purification and traps.

These topics are core test requirements and are described in the standard text.

Typical use and users

Used by analytical/metallurgical labs, quality control departments, material suppliers, aerospace and medical-device manufacturers, heat‑treat/forging shops and certification laboratories to verify hydrogen content in titanium (and in the revised standard, other reactive metals such as zirconium). Users include analysts performing compositional certification, procurement engineers specifying material acceptance criteria, and testing labs performing compliance testing for product specifications.

Related standards

Commonly referenced companion or related methods and guides include ASTM E1409 (oxygen and nitrogen in titanium by inert gas fusion), ASTM E1941 (carbon by combustion), ASTM E2371 (analysis by ICP/DC plasma), and validation guidance such as ASTM E2857. ISO/other national standards on titanium chemical analysis may reference ASTM E1447 as a referee method (for example, ISO/industry delivery standards referencing hydrogen determination).

Keywords

hydrogen determination; titanium; titanium alloys; zirconium; inert gas fusion; thermal conductivity detector (TCD); infrared detection (IR); graphite crucible; analytical chemistry; ASTM E1447; reactive metals.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM E1447 is a standardized test method describing how to determine hydrogen content in titanium (and other reactive metals in the 2022 revision) by inert-gas fusion with detection by thermal conductivity and/or infrared spectrometry.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers specimen preparation, apparatus and detector requirements, calibration and reference materials, interference considerations, and the procedure for fusing samples and measuring hydrogen released. The 2009/2016 text targets titanium/titanium alloys; the 2022 revision expands scope to reactive metals (titanium, zirconium) and provides updated validated ranges and method-validation guidance.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Analytical laboratories, metallurgists, quality assurance/quality control teams, material suppliers, aerospace and medical-device manufacturers, and certification labs that must control hydrogen content in titanium and similar reactive metals.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The E1447-09(2016) designation is a historical/reapproved edition; it has been superseded by ASTM E1447-22 (approved June 1, 2022). For routine and regulatory work you should reference and use the active E1447-22 text unless a contract or specification explicitly requires the older edition.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — E1447 sits within ASTM Committee E01 (Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials) and is commonly used alongside related analytical standards (E1409, E1941, E2371, E2857, etc.) that together define chemical analysis practice for titanium/zirconium and other reactive metals.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: hydrogen, titanium, zirconium, inert gas fusion, thermal conductivity detector, infrared detection, crucible, analytical chemistry, ASTM E1447.