ASTM E2109-01 (2021) PDF
Name in English:
St ASTM E2109-01 (2021)
Name in Russian:
Ст ASTM E2109-01 (2021)
Original standard ASTM E2109-01 (2021) in PDF full version. Additional info + preview on request
Full title and description
Designation: ASTM E2109 − 01(2021) — Standard Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal Sprayed Coatings. This standard describes two accepted procedures (a manual image-comparison method and an automated image-analysis method) for determining the area-percent porosity of thermal-sprayed coatings on prepared metallographic specimens.
Abstract
ASTM E2109 provides standardized test methods to evaluate and report the area percentage of porosity in thermal sprayed coatings (TSCs). Method A uses direct visual comparison of a coating cross section to seven reference images representing typical porosity area percentages; Method B specifies procedures for automated image analysis to compute area-percent porosity. The standard is intended for use as a measurement technique and does not establish acceptance limits for porosity values.
General information
- Status: Active (E2109 reapproved 2021; commonly published as E2109‑01(2021)).
- Publication date: Original designation 2001; reapproved in 2021 (reapproval/publication of the 2021 reissue commonly listed in late 2021, e.g. Aug–Nov 2021 in bibliographic records).
- Publisher: ASTM International.
- ICS / categories: 25.220.20 (Surface treatment / coatings; related to metallography and surface engineering).
- Edition / version: E2109 − 01 (Reapproved 2021), sometimes cited as E2109‑01(2021) or E2109‑01R21 in vendor listings.
- Number of pages: 8 pages (typical published PDF/print length).
Scope
These test methods cover procedures to perform porosity ratings on metallographic specimens of thermal sprayed coatings prepared in accordance with Guide E1920, using either direct comparison to standard images (Method A) or automated image analysis (Method B). The methods address measurement procedures only and do not define acceptance criteria or limits; users are responsible for specimen preparation, safety practices, and for determining the applicability of regulatory limitations.
Key topics and requirements
- Two measurement approaches: Method A — manual visual comparison to seven reference images representing known area-percent porosity levels; Method B — automated computerized image analysis for quantification.
- Specimen preparation referenced to Guide E1920 (metallographic preparation of thermal sprayed coatings) and general metallography practices.
- Reporting requirements: area percent porosity (area fraction), description of magnification, imaging conditions, and analysis parameters for reproducibility.
- Limitations and artifacts: guidance on common image-analysis issues such as halo effects, thresholding errors, and interpretation of interconnected porosity or linear detachments.
- Advisory: the standard provides measuring methods only — it does not set pass/fail criteria or coating performance thresholds.
Typical use and users
Used by metallographers, coating laboratories, quality-control engineers, surface-treatment specialists, failure‑analysis teams, and R&D groups assessing thermal-sprayed coatings for industrial, aerospace, power‑generation, and transportation applications. Typical uses include process monitoring, comparative assessment of spray parameters, and documentation of coating integrity for procurement or inspection records.
Related standards
Key related documents and references commonly used with E2109 include: ASTM E1920 (Guide for preparation of metallographic specimens of thermal sprayed coatings), ASTM E562 (Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count), and general metallography preparation standards and terminology (for example ASTM E3 and Terminology E7). These cross‑references support specimen preparation, quantitative metallography practice, and consistent reporting.
Keywords
porosity, area percentage, area fraction, thermal sprayed coatings, TSC, image analysis, manual comparison, metallography, coating inspection, quantitative metallography.
FAQ
Q: What is this standard?
A: ASTM E2109 specifies standard test methods to determine the area percentage of porosity in thermal‑sprayed coatings using either a manual image‑comparison method (Method A) or automated image analysis (Method B).
Q: What does it cover?
A: It covers procedures for porosity rating of metallographic cross‑sections of thermal‑sprayed coatings, specimen and imaging requirements, analysis techniques (visual and automated), reporting elements, and notes on limitations/artifacts — but it does not set acceptance limits for porosity values.
Q: Who typically uses it?
A: Metallography labs, coating process engineers, quality assurance/inspection personnel, failure analysts, and researchers working with thermal sprayed coatings. It is used where quantitative or comparative porosity data are required.
Q: Is it current or superseded?
A: The standard is the E2109‑01 designation reapproved in 2021 (commonly cited as E2109‑01(2021) or E2109‑01R21). Check official ASTM listings or the publisher for the very latest status or any subsequent revisions.
Q: Is it part of a series?
A: E2109 is part of ASTM’s metallography and surface‑treatment document family and is frequently used alongside guides and methods for specimen preparation and quantitative metallography (for example Guide E1920 and Test Method E562). It is maintained by committee E04 (Metallography) and subcommittee E04.14.
Q: What are the key keywords?
A: Area percent porosity, porosity measurement, thermal sprayed coatings (TSC), image analysis, metallography, area fraction, inspection method.