ASTM E94/E94M-22 PDF

Full title and description

Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film — ASTM E94/E94M-22. This guide provides recommended practices for X‑ray and gamma‑ray radiographic examination where industrial radiographic film is used as the recording medium, including technique development, film selection and processing, image quality indicators, exposure considerations, and maintenance of technique records.

Abstract

ASTM E94/E94M-22 is a concise guide addressing preferred practices for satisfactory film‑based industrial radiography. It explains types of materials and common radiographic techniques, film system selection and processing, viewing and storage of radiographs, use of image quality indicators (IQIs), technique files and exposure calculations, and references other standards and reference radiographs. The guide notes limitations relative to non‑film digital radiography and points users to related digital radiography standards where appropriate.

General information

• Status: Active / Published (active as of December 26, 2022).
• Publication date: 2022 (designation E94/E94M-22; listed in vendor records as December 2022).
• Publisher: ASTM International (Book of Standards, Volume 03.03).
• ICS / categories: 77.040.20 (Non‑destructive testing of metals).
• Edition / version: E94/E94M-22 (current 2022 edition).
• Number of pages: 14.

Scope

This guide covers satisfactory X‑ray and gamma‑ray radiographic examination as applied to industrial radiographic film recording. It addresses types of materials to be examined, radiographic examination techniques and production methods, film selection and processing, viewing and storage of films, maintenance of inspection and technique records, and lists available reference radiographs. Interpretation and acceptance criteria are outside the guide’s scope (users should apply product or contract specifications), and radiation safety practices are referenced but not detailed. The guide also notes the growing role of digital radiography and directs readers to appropriate digital radiography standards.

Key topics and requirements

• Principles and preferred practice for film‑based X‑ray and gamma‑ray industrial radiography.
• Film system selection, handling, processing, and storage to maintain image quality.
• Use and placement of image quality indicators (IQIs) and reference radiographs for sensitivity assessment.
• Technique file development, exposure calculations, and documentation of geometry and technique parameters.
• Guidance on types of materials and typical radiographic geometries for castings, welds, and forgings.
• Notes on limitations of film versus non‑film (digital) radiography and references to relevant digital radiography standards.
• Recommendation that personnel qualifications, agency qualifications, and safety practices follow applicable national or contractual requirements (references to NDT qualification and radiation protection documents).

Typical use and users

Used by NDT engineers, radiography technicians, quality and inspection personnel, procedure writers, and contract purchasers in industries such as oil & gas, petrochemical, power generation, aerospace, foundry and casting, and heavy fabrication. The guide helps practitioners develop technique files, select and process films, verify image quality, and document radiographic examinations where film is the selected recording medium.

Related standards

ASTM E94/E94M-22 references and points users to multiple related ASTM documents and practices, including (non‑exhaustive): Guide E999, Practice E1025, Practice E1030/E1030M, Practice E1032, Guide E1000, and a number of digital radiography standards such as E2597, E2698, E2736, E2737, E2007, E2033, E2445/E2445M, and E2446. It also references qualification/specification documents such as Specification E543 and notes radiation safety references.

Keywords

radiographic examination, industrial film radiography, X‑ray, gamma‑ray, image quality indicator, IQI, technique file, exposure calculation, film processing, radiograph storage, non‑destructive testing (NDT), ASTM E94/E94M-22.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM E94/E94M-22 is a guide that provides recommended practices for performing industrial radiographic examinations using radiographic film (X‑ray and gamma‑ray) and for managing technique files, film selection, processing, and image quality.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers satisfactory film‑based radiographic examination techniques, film systems and processing, viewing and storage of radiographs, image quality indicators (IQIs), technique documentation and exposure considerations. It does not set acceptance criteria (these are specified by product or contract) and does not provide detailed radiation safety procedures.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: NDT technicians and inspectors, radiography procedure writers, quality assurance personnel, and engineering staff across manufacturing, construction, foundry, welding, oil & gas, power, and aerospace sectors where film radiography is used. They use it to establish and document radiographic techniques and to ensure consistent image quality.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: E94/E94M-22 is the current 2022 edition of the guide and is listed as active (ASTM records indicate the document as active and last updated in December 2022). Users should check ASTM publications or their organization’s standards library for any later revisions.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is part of ASTM’s nondestructive testing collection (Book of Standards Volume 03.03) and is related to numerous other ASTM guides and practices covering radiography, digital radiography, personnel qualification, and radiographic reference documents. The document replaces earlier E94 editions and fits into the broader set of ASTM NDT standards.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: radiography, film radiography, X‑ray, gamma‑ray, technique file, IQI, exposure, film processing, image quality, NDT, ASTM E94/E94M-22.