ASTM F27-83 (1988) PDF

Full title and description

ASTM F27-83(1988) — Practice for Preparing a Test Ingot of Germanium by Hydrogen Reduction of Germanium Dioxide. This short practice describes a laboratory procedure to produce a test-size germanium ingot from GeO2 using hydrogen reduction for metallurgical evaluation and analytic testing.

Abstract

This practice specifies the recommended method to convert germanium dioxide (GeO2) into a small test ingot of metallic germanium by reduction with hydrogen. It focuses on preparative steps, reduction conditions, and handling required to obtain a representative ingot for subsequent physical or chemical testing. The document is brief (3 pages) and intended as a laboratory practice rather than a full production specification.

General information

• Status: Withdrawn (withdrawal recorded in 1995).
• Publication date: Designation shows F27-83 with reapproval/notation (1988) — commonly cited as ASTM F27-83(1988).
• Publisher: ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials).
• ICS / categories: Not explicitly listed in source records; technically relates to metallurgical/chemical laboratory practices for elemental semiconductors (materials/metallurgy and chemical analysis).
• Edition / version: F27-83, reapproved/notated 1988 (often shown as F27-83(1988)).
• Number of pages: 3 pages (short practice).

Scope

The practice covers preparative laboratory procedures for producing a test ingot of germanium by hydrogen reduction of germanium dioxide. It addresses the reduction step and general handling to yield a small, testable metallic ingot suitable for analytical or metallurgical evaluation; it does not purport to cover large-scale production methods or detailed analytical procedures following ingot preparation.

Key topics and requirements

• Preparation of feed material: selection and pre-treatment of germanium dioxide (GeO2).
• Hydrogen reduction conditions: recommended atmosphere, temperature range, flow, and safety precautions for hydrogen use.
• Apparatus and containment: small-scale reduction furnace or tube, gas handling, and sample holders to produce a compact ingot.
• Cooling, recovery, and handling of the reduced metallic product to avoid contamination or oxidation.
• Notes on representative sample size and intended use of the test ingot for downstream testing (chemical analysis, physical inspection, or metallurgical evaluation).

Typical use and users

Used by laboratory technicians, materials scientists, metallurgists, and quality-control personnel working with germanium materials who need a reproducible, small ingot prepared from GeO2 for testing or evaluation. Typical settings include analytical laboratories, R&D groups in semiconductor materials, and small-scale metallurgical test labs.

Related standards

Related ASTM or laboratory practices referenced in archival listings include methods and tests dealing with germanium dioxide properties and analytical handling (for example, historical references list ASTM F5 — Test Method for Volatile Content of Germanium Dioxide — among related documents). Users should consult current ASTM catalogs for any replacement or related methods.

Keywords

germanium; germanium dioxide; GeO2; hydrogen reduction; ingot preparation; metallurgical practice; laboratory procedure; ASTM F27-83.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: It is ASTM F27-83(1988), a brief practice describing how to prepare a test ingot of germanium by hydrogen reduction of germanium dioxide.

Q: What does it cover?

A: The practice covers the laboratory reduction of GeO2 to metallic germanium, the basic apparatus and handling considerations for producing a small test ingot suitable for subsequent analysis or metallurgical examination. It is not a production specification.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Materials laboratories, metallurgists, semiconductor materials researchers, and QC/analytical staff needing a reproducible small sample of metallic germanium for testing or evaluation.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The practice is listed as withdrawn (withdrawal recorded in 1995). It should be treated as historical; users should check current ASTM catalogs or contact ASTM International for any active replacement documents or more recent practices.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It appears as an individual ASTM practice (designation F27-83) in archival listings; related ASTM methods addressing germanium materials or analytical tests are referenced in catalogs, but this practice is a standalone short procedural document.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Germanium, GeO2, hydrogen reduction, ingot, laboratory practice, ASTM F27-83.