ASTM STP 1221-1994 PDF

Full title and description

Analysis of Soils Contaminated with Petroleum Constituents — ASTM Special Technical Publication STP 1221 (1994). Edited by Tracey A. O'Shay and Keith B. Hoddinott, this STP collects peer-reviewed papers from ASTM Committee D-18 presenting research on analytical procedures, sampling and sample preparation, measurement methods, and the physical behaviour of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Abstract

This 1994 STP (STP 1221) presents nine peer-reviewed papers that address detection, quantitation and characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, evaluate sample-preparation techniques (including supercritical fluid extraction), compare analytical methods via interlaboratory study results, propose tiered analytical protocols for heavy oil residues, and examine geotechnical effects and transport/retention behaviour of oil in soils. The volume is intended to inform laboratory practice, field sampling decisions, and interpretation of analytical data used in site assessment and remediation.

General information

• Status: Published (STP volume); available from ASTM.
• Publication date: 1994.
• Publisher: ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials).
• ICS / categories: Soil quality and testing; environmental contamination and remediation; analytical chemistry for environmental matrices (e.g., ICS 13.080 — soil quality).
• Edition / version: STP 1221 — STP1221-EB (1994), editors Tracey A. O'Shay and Keith B. Hoddinott.
• Number of pages: 120 pages.

Scope

Collects technical papers addressing analytical methods and sample-preparation approaches for soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, methodological comparisons (including interlaboratory study results), recommendations for tiered characterization of heavy oil residues, and studies of contaminant behavior in soils (transport, retention, and geotechnical impacts). Intended to bridge laboratory analytical practice and field-scale site characterization for petroleum-impacted sites.

Key topics and requirements

• Analytical procedures for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and constituent-level analyses.
• Sample collection and sample-preparation techniques, including applicability of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE).
• Interlaboratory study results comparing commonly used methods and their reproducibility.
• Tiered analytical protocols for characterization of heavy oil residues at hazardous waste and spill sites.
• Method limitations, detection/recovery issues, and guidance for interpreting weathered or complex hydrocarbon mixtures.
• Geotechnical effects of crude-oil contamination on compaction, strength, permeability and deformation.
• Experimental and modeling studies on retention and transport of oil residues in different soil types.
• Practical recommendations for selecting laboratory methods based on site objectives and contaminant type.

Typical use and users

Used by environmental laboratories, remediation consultants, site assessment engineers, regulatory reviewers, academic researchers, and environmental forensic practitioners. Typical applications include method selection and validation, planning site characterization programs, interpreting analytical results for remediation decisions, and understanding how petroleum contamination affects soil physical properties.

Related standards

Complementary ASTM and industry documents on soil sampling and testing, analytical methods for petroleum hydrocarbons, and geotechnical testing. Relevant subject areas include ASTM standards for soil classification and sampling (soil testing and sampling practices), test methods for hydrocarbon analysis and solvent extraction, and other ASTM STPs and symposia papers addressing petroleum-contaminated sites and analytical intercomparison studies.

Keywords

petroleum hydrocarbons; contaminated soil; total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH); supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); sample preparation; interlaboratory study; heavy oil residues; geotechnical properties; transport and retention; analytical methods; STP 1221; ASTM.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: It is not a prescriptive specification but an ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP 1221, 1994) — a collected volume of peer-reviewed papers on analysis and behaviour of soils contaminated with petroleum constituents.

Q: What does it cover?

A: The volume covers analytical procedures and sample-preparation techniques (including SFE), method comparison and interlaboratory results, tiered analytical protocols for heavy oils, and studies on geotechnical effects and contaminant transport/retention in soils.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Environmental laboratories, remediation consultants, geotechnical and environmental engineers, regulatory reviewers, and researchers working on petroleum-contaminated site assessment and remediation.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: STP 1221 is a 1994 symposium volume; it remains a published reference but is not a living standard that is periodically revised like some ASTM test methods. Users should consult more recent standards and methods for current analytical procedures and regulatory requirements when required.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is part of ASTM's Selected Technical Papers (STP) series (STP 1221). The STP series compiles technical and symposium papers on specific subjects; individual STP volumes are cited as references rather than normative, updateable standards.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Key keywords include: petroleum hydrocarbons, contaminated soil, TPH, supercritical fluid extraction, sample preparation, interlaboratory study, heavy oil residues, geotechnical properties, transport and retention, analytical methods, environmental remediation.