ISO 8686-1-2012 PDF

Full title and description

St ISO 8686-1-2012 — Cranes — Design principles for loads and load combinations — Part 1: General. This International Standard establishes general methods for calculating loads and for selecting load combinations used in proof-of-competence calculations for the structural and mechanical components of cranes. It provides a framework and parameter ranges to be applied by more specific parts of the ISO 8686 series or agreed between designer/manufacturer and purchaser where specific standards do not exist.

Abstract

ISO 8686-1:2012 sets out general principles and calculation methods (rigid-body kinetic and elastostatic analyses, and where justified, more advanced methods) for determining loads and load combinations on cranes. The document defines load types, basic load combinations (regular, occasional, exceptional), recommended partial factors and dynamic load factor guidance, and a framework for deriving application-specific values for different crane types. It is intended to be used with proof-of-competence procedures (for example ISO 20332) and with the crane vocabulary defined in ISO 4306-1.

General information

• Status: Published
• Publication date: December 2012
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• ICS / categories: 53.020.20 (Cranes)
• Edition / version: Edition 2 (ISO 8686-1:2012)
• Number of pages: 49

Scope

This part of ISO 8686 provides the general form, content and parameter ranges for the calculation of loads and selection of load combinations for the structural and mechanical components of cranes as defined in ISO 4306‑1. It applies as a general reference for development of specific standards for individual crane types and as a basis for agreements between designers/manufacturers and purchasers where specific guidance is not available. The standard covers load definitions, classification (regular, occasional, exceptional), principles for combining loads, and guidance on dynamic load factors and analysis methods used for proofs of competence.

Key topics and requirements

• Definitions and classification of loads acting on cranes (dead weight, operating/live loads, wind, impact, occasional and exceptional loads).
• Structure for load combinations grouped into categories (A — regular, B — regular+occasional, C — regular+occasional+exceptional) with recommended combination principles.
• Guidance on analysis methods: rigid-body kinetic analysis and elastostatic analysis, and allowance for more advanced calculation or test methods where justified.
• Use of dynamic load factors and guidance for determining or agreeing appropriate values for specific crane types or operating conditions.
• Parameter ranges and partial safety factors to be used in proof-of-competence calculations (limit state and allowable-stress approaches discussed in context).
• Recommendations for local loads on access platforms, railings and other ancillary structures associated with cranes.
• Framework for tailoring load combinations and parameters to particular crane types (to be completed by subsequent parts of the ISO 8686 series).

Typical use and users

Primary users are crane design engineers, structural and mechanical engineers working on crane frames and components, manufacturers and suppliers of cranes, testing and certification bodies, safety inspectors, procurement specialists (purchasers specifying proof-of-competence requirements), and standards committees. The standard is used when establishing design and verification loads, preparing proofs of competence, performing strength and stability analyses, and when drafting or reviewing specifications and contracts for crane supply.

Related standards

Key related documents include other parts of the ISO 8686 series (for example Part 2 — Mobile cranes; Part 3 — Tower cranes; Part 4 — Jib cranes; Part 5 — Overhead travelling and portal bridge cranes), ISO 20332 (Proof of competence of steel structures), and ISO 4306-1 (Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General). National and regional standards on crane design, testing and safety are also typically used alongside ISO 8686-1.

Keywords

cranes, loads, load combinations, design principles, proof of competence, dynamic load factor, elastostatic analysis, rigid-body kinetic analysis, safety factors, structural design, ISO 8686

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 8686-1:2012 is the general part of the ISO 8686 series titled "Cranes — Design principles for loads and load combinations — Part 1: General." It sets out the fundamental principles and parameter guidance for determining loads and combining them for crane design and verification.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers load definitions and classifications (regular, occasional, exceptional), principles and recommended forms of load combinations, guidance on analysis methods (rigid-body kinetic and elastostatic), use of dynamic load factors, partial safety factors and parameter ranges, and a framework for applying or developing more specific rules for individual crane types.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Crane designers and structural/mechanical engineers, manufacturers, testing and certification bodies, safety inspectors, and purchasers who need to specify proof-of-competence requirements or verify structural adequacy of crane components.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 8686-1:2012 replaced the earlier 1989 edition. As published in December 2012, it is the 2nd edition. Users should confirm whether a more recent revision has been published by checking the official standards registry or national standards body when an up-to-date status check is required.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — ISO 8686 is a multi-part series. Part 1 is the general framework; subsequent parts provide requirements and parameter values for specific crane categories (for example mobile cranes, tower cranes, jib cranes, overhead and portal bridge cranes).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: cranes, load combinations, design loads, structural proof, dynamic load factors, partial safety factors, crane design principles, ISO 8686