PD ISO TS 17951-2-2016 PDF

Full title and description

Water quality — Determination of fluoride using flow analysis (FIA and CFA) — Part 2: Method using continuous flow analysis (CFA) with automated in-line distillation. This technical specification defines a continuous flow analysis procedure with automated in-line distillation to convert complexed or insoluble fluoride to fluoride ion, followed by spectrometric measurement using lanthanum alizarin complexone chemistry.

Abstract

ISO/TS 17951-2:2016 specifies a method for determination of fluoride in waters, waste waters and effluents by continuous flow analysis (CFA) with an automated continuous-flow in-line distillation from sulfuric/phosphoric acid; the distilled fluoride ion is measured by flow analysis using lanthanum alizarin complexone and spectrometric detection. Two working ranges are described (0.1–1.0 mg/L and 1.0–10 mg/L). The method is intended for industrial waste waters, effluents, surface waters, ground waters and leachates; it can be applied to some drinking waters with low interferences and is not suitable for samples with large amounts of suspended matter.

General information

• Status: Published (International Technical Specification; stage: confirmed).
• Publication date: July 2016.
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 13.060.50 (Water quality — Determination of chemical substances).
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (2016).
• Number of pages: 16 pages.

Scope

This part of ISO 17951 specifies a continuous flow analysis (CFA) technique with automated in-line distillation for converting insoluble or complexed fluoride into fluoride ion and measuring the fluoride ion in the distillate by flow analysis with lanthanum alizarin complexone and spectrometric detection. The procedure covers sample preparation, interferences, reagents, apparatus, calibration, measurement, calculation and expression of results for the stated working ranges. It is applicable to industrial waste waters, effluents, surface waters, ground waters and leachates; use for drinking water is limited to samples with low interfering constituents and low suspended solids. The method is not intended for heavily particulate or highly interfering samples.

Key topics and requirements

• Principle: automated in-line acid distillation (sulfuric/phosphoric) in a continuous flow system to release fluoride, followed by spectrometric detection using lanthanum alizarin complexone chemistry.
• Working ranges: two recommended ranges — working range I: 0.1 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L; working range II: 1.0 mg/L to 10 mg/L (calibration solutions adjusted per range).
• Interferences: guidance on common interferences (e.g., high levels of aluminium and iron) and measures to minimise their effect; suitability notes for drinking water versus industrial samples.
• Reagents and calibration: specifications for reagents, preparation of calibration solutions, reagent blank measurement and sensitivity adjustment.
• Apparatus and flow systems: requirements for CFA manifolds, automated in-line distillation units, spectrometric detector setup and examples of flow-system layouts (informative annexes provide example configurations).
• Quality controls and performance verification: repeatability checks, reagent blanks, calibration verification and reporting requirements.
• Annexes: informative examples of CFA with in-line distillation, alternative detection (ion-selective electrode) notes and example flow system diagrams.

Typical use and users

Primary users are environmental and water quality laboratories, municipal and industrial water/wastewater testing facilities, regulatory agencies, and instrument manufacturers integrating automated CFA in-line distillation systems. The standard is used when automated, higher-throughput fluoride determinations are required for routine monitoring, effluent testing and environmental surveys where matrix interferences can be controlled.

Related standards

Closely related is ISO/TS 17951-1:2016 (Part 1), which describes a flow injection analysis (FIA) method with off-line (manual) distillation and similar detection chemistry. Normative references and related calibration/quality documents frequently cited include standards on laboratory water, reagent specifications and calibration evaluation such as ISO 3696 (Water for analytical laboratory use), ISO 6353-2 (Reagents for chemical analysis) and ISO 8466-1 (Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods), which are referenced for method validation and reagent/water quality requirements.

Keywords

fluoride; water quality; continuous flow analysis; CFA; in-line distillation; lanthanum alizarin complexone; spectrometric detection; effluent monitoring; wastewater; calibration; ISO/TS 17951.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO/TS 17951-2:2016 is a technical specification from ISO that defines a continuous flow analysis method with automated in-line distillation for determination of fluoride in various water matrices, using spectrometric detection with lanthanum alizarin complexone.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers the analytical principle, required reagents and apparatus, sample preparation, calibration, measurement procedures, calculation and reporting of results for two specified working ranges (0.1–1.0 mg/L and 1.0–10 mg/L), plus guidance on interferences and example flow-system configurations in informative annexes.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Environmental testing laboratories, municipal and industrial water/wastewater laboratories, regulatory bodies responsible for monitoring fluoride in environmental and process waters, and instrument/system manufacturers integrating automated CFA distillation solutions.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The document was published in July 2016 and is listed as published/confirmed by ISO. Users should check ISO or their national standards body for the most recent confirmation or revision status before final use.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — ISO/TS 17951 is published in multiple parts. Part 1 (ISO/TS 17951-1:2016) describes the FIA method with off-line distillation; Part 2 (this document) describes the CFA method with automated in-line distillation. Together they provide alternative flow-analysis approaches for fluoride determination.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Fluoride, CFA, FIA, in-line distillation, spectrometric detection, lanthanum alizarin complexone, water quality, effluent, wastewater, calibration.