ASTM G133-22 PDF

Full title and description

ASTM G133-22 — Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear. This ASTM International test method specifies laboratory procedures and reporting for measuring sliding wear (wear volumes and, optionally, coefficient of kinetic friction) of ceramics, metals, coatings and other candidate wear‑resistant materials using a linear reciprocating ball‑on‑flat geometry.

Abstract

G133-22 defines a controlled, repeatable reciprocating ball‑on‑flat test to reproduce bidirectional sliding with periodic reversal of direction. The method covers unlubricated and lubricated testing, quantifies wear volumes of the ball and flat specimens, and provides procedures for measuring coefficient of kinetic friction. Test conditions are given as two primary procedures (A and B) and may be adapted with clear reporting of any deviations.

General information

• Status: Active.
• Publication date: November 1, 2022 (designated G133-22).
• Publisher: ASTM International.
• ICS / categories: Mechanical testing — ICS 19.060 (mechanical testing).
• Edition / version: G133-22 (revision of earlier G133 versions such as G133-05).
• Number of pages: 10 pages (standard document length).

Scope

This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, coatings and other candidate materials using a linear reciprocating ball‑on‑flat plane geometry. The motion reverses periodically so sliding occurs back and forth in a straight line. The method addresses both unlubricated and lubricated tests but does not prescribe corrosive or extreme‑environment testing. Primary outputs are wear volumes for ball and flat specimens; coefficient of kinetic friction may be measured as an additional quantity. Reporting requirements require disclosure of any deviations from the standard procedures.

Key topics and requirements

• Test geometry: ball (spherical pin) against flat specimen in linear reciprocating motion; ball tip radius typically 4.76 mm (3/16 in.).
• Two primary procedures: Procedure A (unlubricated, room temperature) and Procedure B (lubricated, elevated temperature) with specified example conditions.
• Representative Procedure A conditions (typical standard values): normal force 25.0 N; stroke length 10.0 mm; oscillating frequency 5.0 Hz; test sliding distance 100 m (test duration ≈ 16 min 40 s); ambient temperature ≈ 22 ± 3 °C; RH 40–60 %.
• Representative Procedure B conditions (typical standard values): normal force 200.0 N; stroke length 10.0 mm; oscillating frequency 10.0 Hz; sliding distance 400 m (test duration ≈ 33 min 20 s); elevated temperature (example 150 °C) and full‑immersion lubrication when specified.
• Measurements and outputs: wear volume (ball and flat) calculated from worn geometry/profile; wear track dimensions measured by profilometry or cross‑sectional integration; coefficient of kinetic friction obtained from measured friction force and applied normal load.
• Reporting: specify the procedure used, exact test parameters (loads, stroke, frequency, environment, lubricant), specimen preparation, measurement methods and any deviations from the standard.

Typical use and users

G133 is commonly used by tribology laboratories, materials researchers, coatings and surface‑engineering developers, quality control groups, and R&D teams in automotive, aerospace, bearing and sliding‑component industries to screen materials, compare coatings or lubricants, and quantify relative wear performance under reciprocating sliding conditions. It is also used in academic research to provide reproducible baseline data for material comparisons.

Related standards

Related ASTM standards include other laboratory tribology methods such as ASTM G99 (rotating pin‑on‑disk) and prior revisions of G133 (for historical comparison). Laboratories often reference instrumentation standards and equipment capability documents for linear reciprocating tribometers when implementing G133.

Keywords

reciprocating wear, ball‑on‑flat, sliding wear, coefficient of friction, procedure A, procedure B, tribology, profilometry, ASTM G133-22.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM G133-22 is a standardized laboratory test method describing a linearly reciprocating ball‑on‑flat sliding wear test used to quantify wear volumes and, optionally, coefficient of kinetic friction for materials and coatings.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers test geometry, typical and alternative test conditions (two primary procedures A and B), specimen preparation guidance, measurement and calculation of wear volumes, friction measurement, and reporting requirements for unlubricated and lubricated reciprocating sliding tests. It does not cover corrosive/extreme environments unless explicitly adapted and reported.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Tribology test labs, materials scientists, coatings developers, quality engineers, and R&D groups in sectors where reciprocating sliding is a key wear mode (e.g., automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, bearing and valve components).

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: Current — the active revision is G133-22 (published/revised in 2022). It supersedes earlier editions such as G133-05 and its reaffirmations/revisions. Users should confirm the latest status via ASTM International.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is part of ASTM’s tribology and wear testing suite (Book of Standards volume covering mechanical testing/tribology). It complements other ASTM wear standards (for example, G99 for unidirectional pin‑on‑disk testing) rather than forming a numbered series.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Reciprocating, ball‑on‑flat, sliding wear, coefficient of friction, wear volume, Procedure A, Procedure B, ASTM G133-22.