ASTM C454-10 rus PDF

Full title and description

ASTM C454-10 — Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali. (Russian: Стандартный метод испытаний ASTM C454-10 — Разрушение углеродистых огнеупоров под действием щелочей.) Этот метод описывает ускорённую лабораторную процедуру для оценки склонности углеродсодержащих огнеупоров к разрушению при действии щелочных агентов при высоких температурах; результат пригоден для сопоставительных испытаний и поддержания контроля качества при разработке и приемочном контроле огнеупорных изделий.

Abstract

Стандарт описывает сравнительный (ускоренный) лабораторный тест, в котором образцы углеродистых огнеупоров подвергаются воздействию щёлочи (обычно K2CO3), нагреву до высокой температуры и выдержке с целью выявления и фотографирования степени разрушения/дезинтеграции. Процедура предъявляет требования к подготовке образцов, упаковке в саггер с коксовой стружкой, режиму нагрева и охлаждения, а также к количеству и геометрии образцов для сопоставимых результатов.

General information

• Status: Active / maintained (designation C454 − 10; maintained in recent publisher listings).
• Publication date: Designation year 2010 (current edition approved Nov 1, 2010; published December 2010). Document has been listed in distributor catalogues with later reapproval/maintenance notations (vendor listings show maintenance records into 2022).
• Publisher: ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials).
• ICS / categories: 81.080 (Refractories); additionally referenced under chemical-products classification such as 71.100.99 in some catalogues.
• Edition / version: Designation C454−10 (2010) — commonly cited as ASTM C454‑10; may appear in vendor listings as C454‑10 with later reapproval notes (eg. C454‑10(2022)).
• Number of pages: Short technical test method — publisher/distributor summaries commonly show a concise document (typically presented as a short-method PDF of 2–4 pages; full formatted ASTM presentation may be longer depending on volume/compilation).

Scope

The standard covers the behaviour of carbon-containing refractory shapes when exposed to an alkali under elevated temperature conditions in an accelerated laboratory test. It is intended for guidance in product development, comparative evaluation and for selection of materials for services (for example blast-furnace and other metallurgical environments) where alkali attack at high temperature may occur. The method defines specimen preparation, alkali charge, furnace (sagger) packing, heating/cooling cycle and evaluation of disintegration.

Key topics and requirements

• Specimen geometry and count: ten specimens per set; nominal two-inch (≈51 mm) cube specimens cut to preserve original surfaces where practicable.
• Specimen preparation: drill a center hole in one face (typical diameter ≈7/8 in / 22 mm, depth ≈1 in / 25 mm) and provide a small lid cut from the same carbon shape.
• Alkali charge: place a measured amount of dry anhydrous potassium carbonate (typical example 8 g) into the drilled hole and cover with the lid.
• Sagger packing and atmosphere control: pack specimens in a sagger using coke breeze to limit oxidation; maintain spacing from sagger walls and between specimens; cover top specimen with coke layer and close sagger.
• Thermal cycle: controlled heating rate (not to exceed specified °F/°C per hour), heat to approximately 1750°F (≈955°C) and hold for a specified period (typical hold 5 h), then controlled cooling with handling instructions to remove specimens before they reach low temperatures and store dry prior to examination.
• Evaluation: visual examination, photography and comparison of degree of disintegration; test is comparative and sensitive to alkali concentration, temperature, and moisture.
• Safety and applicability notes: users must assess and apply appropriate safety, health and regulatory measures when handling alkalis, high-temperature equipment and carbonaceous materials.

Typical use and users

Primary users are refractory manufacturers, metallurgical and process engineers, quality-control and testing laboratories, R&D groups developing carbon-containing refractory shapes, and end-users in iron & steel, nonferrous smelting and other high-temperature industries. The method is used for comparative resistance screening, material selection, specification support and failure investigation where alkali-induced disintegration is a concern.

Related standards

Relevant companion and background documents typically referenced with C454 include: ASTM C71 (terminology relating to refractories), ASTM C288 (disintegration tests for refractories under other atmospheres), ASTM C607 (practices for coking large carbon shapes), ASTM C863 (oxidation resistance tests for SiC refractories), and other ASTM C08 committee test methods and practices for refractory chemical behaviour and physical testing. Users should consult the ASTM C08 Refractories volume for the full set of related methods and any current amendments or reapprovals.

Keywords

carbon refractories; alkali attack; potassium carbonate; disintegration; high temperature testing; sagger; coke breeze; specimen preparation; refractory testing; blast furnace service; ASTM C454.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM C454‑10 is a standard test method that specifies an accelerated laboratory procedure to evaluate the disintegration (destructive attack) of carbon-containing refractory materials when exposed to alkali at elevated temperatures.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers specimen preparation, the alkali charge, packing in a sagger with coke breeze, furnace heating and hold cycle (high temperature), controlled cooling and subsequent assessment of the degree of disintegration. The procedure is comparative and intended for product development, QC and materials selection.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Refractory manufacturers, metallurgical engineers, industrial test laboratories, research and development teams, and end-users in steelmaking and other high-temperature industries where carbon refractories may be exposed to alkali environments.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The designation is C454‑10 (year 2010). Vendor and catalogue entries indicate the 2010 designation with subsequent maintenance/reapproval entries in distributor listings; users should check with ASTM International or their standards administrator to confirm the very latest status or any amendments before relying on the text for formal procurement or compliance.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes. C454 belongs to the ASTM C08 committee portfolio on refractories and chemical behavior; it is commonly used alongside other C08 tests (for terminology, oxidation, CO/CO2/alkali disintegration tests and coking practices).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Alkali, carbon refractories, disintegration, potassium carbonate, high-temperature test, sagger, coke breeze, specimen preparation, ASTM C454.