ASTM C927-25 PDF

Full title and description

ASTM C927-25a — Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass Enamels. This test method specifies an acetic-acid extraction procedure and analytical determination to quantify lead and cadmium that may be released from exterior ceramic glass enamels in the lip/rim area of drinking glassware.

Abstract

This standard defines a laboratory procedure for extracting and measuring lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from the lip and rim area of externally decorated glass tumblers using acetic acid as the extracting medium. It is intended as a comparative/severity test to detect and quantify potentially extractable heavy metals from decorated areas that could contact the mouth. Typical analysis techniques referenced include atomic absorption spectroscopy or other validated instrumental methods (for example, ICP) for quantification. The 2025 revision (designated C927-25a) updates and republishes the method and editorial elements from earlier editions.

General information

• Status: Active (current edition: C927-25a).
• Publication date: 1 September 2025 (C927-25a).
• Publisher: ASTM International.
• ICS / categories: 67.250 (Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs); 97.040.60 (Cookware, cutlery and flatware).
• Edition / version: ASTM C927-25a (revises ASTM C927-80(2019)e1).
• Number of pages: 4 pages (concise test method document).

Scope

This test method covers the determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area of glassware used for drinking and that is externally decorated with ceramic glass enamels. The extraction procedure is intentionally severe and is used to compare relative extractability between specimens; it is not necessarily representative of actual user exposure under all real-world conditions. The method is specific to Pb and Cd and recommends SI units for reporting.

Key topics and requirements

• Specimen selection and preparation: definition of the lip/rim extraction area and specimen cleaning/drying procedures.
• Extraction reagent and conditions: use of acetic acid solution, prescribed volume, contact time and temperature to accelerate potential metal release.
• Analytical determination: recommended instrumental methods (atomic absorption spectroscopy or other validated techniques such as ICP) and calibration/quality controls for Pb and Cd quantification.
• Reporting and units: results expressed in mass per surface area or concentration as specified; SI units are the standard.
• Comparative/severity intent: method intended for discrimination between products rather than to model actual consumer exposure precisely.
• Safety and regulatory consideration: users must follow appropriate laboratory safety and relevant regulatory limits when interpreting results.

Typical use and users

ASTM C927 is used by testing laboratories, quality assurance and product safety teams in glassware and ceramic enamel manufacturing, regulatory agencies, compliance officers, and product designers concerned with food-contact safety of decorated glass tumblers. It is used for product development, pre-market testing, production quality control, and regulatory compliance screening where limits for leachable lead and cadmium are relevant.

Related standards

Commonly referenced or complementary documents include earlier editions of ASTM C927 (for historical method text and comparability), ASTM test methods covering related extraction or migration testing (for example, methods referenced within the C927 text), and other international standards on leachable lead and cadmium from food-contact ceramics. Users often consult national regulatory limits or guidance on lead and cadmium migration when interpreting results.

Keywords

lead, cadmium, acetic acid extraction, glass tumblers, ceramic glass enamels, lip and rim, migration test, atomic absorption, ICP, food-contact safety, ASTM C927-25a

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM C927-25a is a standardized laboratory test method that specifies an acetic-acid extraction and analytical procedure to determine lead and cadmium extractable from the lip and rim area of glass tumblers decorated with ceramic glass enamels.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers specimen preparation, the extraction medium and conditions, analytical measurement of lead and cadmium (via validated instrumental techniques), and reporting requirements. The procedure is designed as a severe comparative extraction to detect potentially extractable heavy metals from the decorated area.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Test laboratories, glass and enamel manufacturers, product safety and QA personnel, and regulatory bodies use the method for product screening, quality control, and compliance-related evaluations of decorated drinkware.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The current published edition is ASTM C927-25a (published 1 September 2025). It revises and replaces the earlier reapproved edition ASTM C927-80(2019)e1.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is a standalone test method within ASTM's C14 committee scope (glass and glass products) but is often used alongside other migration and material-contact test methods and regulatory test procedures addressing heavy-metal leaching from tableware and cookware.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Lead, cadmium, extraction, acetic acid, lip/rim, ceramic glass enamels, glassware testing, migration, atomic absorption, ICP.