DIN EN ISO 21821 2023-02 PDF

Full title and description

STB DIN EN ISO 21821 2023-02 — Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Determination of densification properties of ceramic powders on natural sintering. This document is the German-language DIN adoption (DIN EN ISO) of EN ISO 21821, itself based on ISO 21821:2019; it specifies a test method to determine densification behaviour (shrinkage, relative density change) of ceramic powders during non-forced (natural) sintering under defined conditions.

Abstract

This standard defines a laboratory test procedure for preparing powder specimens, compacting them, subjecting them to controlled heat treatments and measuring dimensional and mass changes that characterise densification during natural sintering. It provides requirements for apparatus, sampling, selection of test temperatures, test sequence (compaction and heat treatment), measurements and calculation of densification parameters to allow repeatable comparison of powders and process conditions.

General information

• Status: Published / Active
• Publication date: February 2023 (edition: 2023-02)
• Publisher: DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) — German version of EN ISO 21821 (adoption of ISO 21821:2019)
• ICS / categories: 81.060.30 (Advanced ceramics / Fine ceramics)
• Edition / version: DIN EN ISO 21821:2023-02 (German-language adoption of EN ISO 21821:2022 / ISO 21821:2019)
• Number of pages: 8

Scope

The standard applies to fine ceramics (advanced/technical ceramics) and specifies a method to determine the densification properties of ceramic powders during natural sintering. It covers specimen preparation (powder sampling and compaction), the heat-treatment schedule (selection of temperatures and hold times), required apparatus and measurement procedures, and calculation of densification results (e.g., linear shrinkage, volume change, apparent relative density) so that powders and sintering conditions can be compared reproducibly.

Key topics and requirements

• Definition of terms and symbols used to describe densification behaviour.
• Requirements for apparatus used for compaction and for controlled heating (furnace, temperature control and measurement).
• Sampling and specimen preparation procedures to ensure representative powder samples and reproducible compacts.
• Compaction method and dimensional control of test specimens.
• Selection of test temperatures and heat-treatment schedules for natural (unassisted) sintering tests.
• Measurement procedures for linear dimensions, mass and density before and after heat treatment.
• Calculation methods for linear shrinkage, volume change and relative density; reporting of results and test conditions.
• Guidance on repeatability, uncertainties and presentation of data for comparison.

Typical use and users

Used by ceramic materials researchers, quality-control laboratories, powder manufacturers, process engineers and R&D teams in advanced ceramics industries. Typical applications include screening and comparing powder batches, investigating the influence of additives or processing routes on sintering behaviour, and providing input data for sintering process development and simulation.

Related standards

ISO 21821:2019 (original international standard); EN ISO 21821:2022 (European adoption); related fine-ceramics test standards and microstructural characterisation standards such as ISO 13383 (particle size / microstructure), ISO 17172 (other densification/compactability tests) and other EN/ISO standards covering mechanical and high-temperature properties of technical ceramics.

Keywords

fine ceramics; advanced ceramics; densification; sintering; natural sintering; ceramic powders; compacting; shrinkage; relative density; test method; DIN EN ISO 21821; ISO 21821

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: DIN EN ISO 21821:2023-02 is the German-language DIN adoption of EN ISO 21821, specifying a laboratory method to determine densification properties of ceramic powders during natural sintering (based on ISO 21821:2019).

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers specimen sampling and preparation, compaction, selection of sintering temperatures, controlled heat-treatment procedures, measurement of dimensional and mass changes, and calculation/reporting of densification parameters (linear shrinkage, volume change, relative density).

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Ceramic researchers, powder producers, process and quality engineers, test laboratories and manufacturers of advanced/technical ceramics for research, development and quality control purposes.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: This document was published in February 2023 as the DIN adoption of EN ISO 21821 (ISO 21821:2019). It is current as published; users should check their national standards registry for any later amendments or superseding editions.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes. It belongs to the family of standards for fine/advanced ceramics and complements other ISO/EN test methods and microstructural characterisation standards (for example ISO 13383 and other EN/ISO ceramics test standards).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Fine ceramics, advanced ceramics, densification, sintering, ceramic powders, compacting, shrinkage, relative density, test method.